cigarette

About our campaigns about fights with enemies
People of a song will long sing
And in a circle with friends in often evenings
These days we will sometime recollect
About fires-big fires
About friends-companions
Somewhere we will sometime speak
I will recollect infantry and a native company
And you - for that that you have allowed to me to light
Give we will light a companion on one
Give we will light my companion
And when there are no fascists and in помине
And to favourite we will come again
Let's recollect as on the West went across Ukraine
These days we will sometime recollect
About fires-big fires
About friends-companions
Somewhere we will sometime speak
I will recollect infantry and a native company
And you - for that that you have allowed to me to light
Give we will light a companion on one
Give we will light my companion
Give we will light a companion on one
Give we will light my companion
In the history of an origin and manufacture of cigarettes — there are not enough facts and many legends. In the USSR a wide circulation the legend that tobacco factories have strategic value, for example, had: diameter of Russian cigarettes ostensibly was 7,62 mm, therefore machine tools for stuffing by their tobacco it is possible to use (if something happens) for filling by gunpowder of sleeves of cartridges of the most widespread calibre. The legend does not maintain criticism. First, gunpowder and tobacco — products different in properties, filling of sleeves by them (cartridge or tissue) demands the different equipment. Secondly, "calibre" of cigarettes not so such.
"Calibres"
Cigarettes consist of a sleeve and tobacco filled in it, and more often mixes табаков (on professional сленге — bags). The external cover of a sleeve — a tubule from a tissue paper — is called as a shirt, and a parcel from more dense paper, inserted into a shirt, — a mouthpiece. The free space from a mouthpiece where tobacco is located, has "the cock" name. That tobacco did not get in a mouthpiece, on its edge turned aside cocks, becomes 4–6 notches (teeth) unbent in a mouthpiece. Weight in 1 sq. m of a tissue paper of 15,5-16,5 grammes, a thickness of 22-26 micron. Weight in 1 sq. m of a paper for mouthpieces of 95-100 grammes, a thickness of 200 micron. Cigarettes had three diameters: 7,2; 8,2 and 8,8 mm. The tissue paper in width 25, 28 and 30 mm was accordingly used. The admission on a deviation of diameter of a sleeve: ±0,05 mm. The length depending on length of sleeves made cocks from 25 to 40 mm. The rating of cigarettes on last Soviet classification shared on four classes. The class had the first lengths: 105 mm, 95 mm, 92 mm, 85 mm (the most known cigarettes «Herzegovina of Florae»). A class the third: 92 mm ("Kazbek") and 85 mm ("Amateur").
Class the fifth: 82 mm ("Belomorkanal") and 85 mm ("Amateur").

And 70 mm ("North"). A class of the sixth: 82 mm ("Wave") and 70 mm ("Surf"). (The given classification is entered in 1948, but позвоялет to receive representation about pre-war marks unless "North" was "North"

The above there was a serial number of a class of cigarettes, the below their price. There are some differences of cigarettes from cigarettes. First, at manufacturing of cigarettes the sleeve is made, then in it tobacco is located. At manufacturing of cigarettes tobacco turns around a paper. The longitudinal seam of a shirt of cigarettes is clamped «in the lock», glue is never used. The seam in cigarettes sticks together. Cigarettes should go out, when them do not smoke, and on them the ashes layer in 3–5 mm is formed. Cigarettes, even the cheapest, go out more slowly, and the majority burns down completely (to the filter). It is reached by entering into a paper for cigarettes of special additives, from here a tissue paper transparent, and cigarette — white colour. Presence of the filter at cigarettes is not difference — cigarettes with the filter also were made.
Marks
In pre-revolutionary Russia each factory had the tissue marks usually possessing «a social accessory». But in certain cases under one mark cigarettes of different grades were issued. So, factory "Лаферм" let out cigarettes "Zephyr" of five grades. This practice has been continued by some manufacturers and after 1917. For example, the Don state tobacco factory in Rostov-on-Don (before "V.Asmolov", now «the Don tobacco») in 1925 has let out cigarettes «Our mark» four grades. However release of cigarettes of different grades under one mark was not characteristic, and here practice of release by each factory only "the" cigarettes kept still for a long time.
Cigarettes «Herzegovina of Florae» have started to be made at S.Gabaja's tobacco factory prior to the beginning of the First World War, most likely, in 1912.
Simultaneously with them cigarettes "Java" on which manufacturing there was the high-quality tobacco brought from the island with the same name began to be issued. Both and others "have endured" those October, 1917, have been in the early twenties awarded Mayakovsky's well-known advertising slogans, and in 1925 — a silver medal at an exhibition in Paris. After ten years after the beginning of release of cigarettes "Java" the factory which had to the beginning 1920 name «state № 2», itself began to be called as "Java". And «Herzegovina of Florae», and "Java" concerned the highest high-quality segment

Cigarettes
There is a popular belief that cigarettes have appeared in our country after the Great Patriotic War. It not so. The first cigarettes began to be issued in the USSR in 1926 at the Leningrad 3rd tobacco factory of Trotsky (earlier — "A.N.Shaposhnikov", later — Clara Tsetkin's name, now — «Nevo Tobacco»), however before war by popularity did not use. Really cigarettes, trophy or arriving from allies, the Soviet smokers распробовали in days of fights.
The main smoker of an epoch

Contrary to a popular belief (diligently supported by game films), Stalin alternately smoked not only выкрошенные in a cigarette tube, but also easier cigarettes, and also usual pipe tobacco.
In particular, in the memoirs George Dimitrov mentions that has somehow brought to Stalin to a gift pound of its favourite pipe tobacco Edgeworth Sliced. Stalin has thanked, примолвив that does not know, whether long to it still doctors will allow to smoke a tube.
Really, in the last years of life the leader of the doctor have compelled it to pass for cigarettes (including their less unhealthy), and then and have at all forced to give up smoking. Valentine Berezhkov, Stalin's translator, mentions that at the Teheran conference (1943) Joseph Vissarionovich smoked a cigarette, having refused a tube on request of doctors.
Before it has occurred, табаки "Edzhvort" and "Prince Albert" were bought for Stalin abroad through the Soviet embassies and the trade missions by economic services of the Kremlin.
Favourite mark of cigarettes of I.V.Stalin


Tobacco factory "Java" has the primogenitor the enterprise based in Moscow in 1856 by businessman Samuilom Sadukovichem Gabaem. It was караим the Crimean origin. Originally it had factory in Kharkov, but then together with several fellow tribesmen has got over to Moscow, hoping that here tobacco manufacture will have more prospects. Cigarettes and tobacco «Herzegovina of Florae» (Herzegovina Flor), as well as "Java" occur from pre-revolutionary times. "Java" has received such name because for its manufacture at factory "S.Gabaj" was really used the tobacco arriving from islands of Indonesia, and a basis of "Herzegovina of Florae» has made the tobacco brought from Herzegovina, district on Balkan peninsula.
The brand has safely endured revolution. In 20th years it has been noted by Vladimir Mayakovsky's talent («Any cigarettes will be given фор by" Herzegovina of Florae »). However, Mayakovsky advertised then all successively – rhymes only for different marks of tobacco products in its collected works more than two tens. Already during later times manufacture of" Herzegovina of Florae »has been transferred from"Java"and to some other factories of the USSR.

Development of manufacture of cigarettes in Russia

Segment of thin cigarettes it is filled. All sum of cigarettes of mark with prefix Slims on Russian market has already exceeded 100 names. A considerable quantity of cigarettes manufacturers try to lean against brands which have proved the solvency, family expansions in all available tendencies. The scale of force as the cigarette of distinctions most traditional to system is the first system which ran the turn. Then, experiments with design of packing of cigarettes has begun. Uno Virginia Slims and Vogue is the best example. In both cases force two versions was equal, but projects of two packs have dispersed. Besides the United Nations have appeared in a new window to perfumery packing. The tendency a diversification following novelty became taste. Disregarding traditional menthol and experiments from aromatisation Cigaronne Super Slims, the first in a segment strong aroma tobacco, there was no same custom in family Vogue Aroma in 2005. Then it became known about start one more novelty on Russian market of manufacture Bath Russia - Pall Mall Super Slims Tropic Twist. These cigarettes has enriched line Super Slim подсемейства Pall Mall with the second version of aroma and there were a bright illustration of the new tendency in a segment, exercises addressed to assortment.

Then Imperial Tobacco the expanded line from the oldest and successful brands for Russian market of thin cigarettes R1 with two versions aroma. R1 Vanity Aroma and R1 Flair Aroma are executed in style of the updated design of a family; the classical version in this design have appeared in the spring of current year. R1 Vanity Aroma cigarettes rich taste and aroma, it is defined by experts as aroma of caramel and vanilla.

By a choice of the name for the version of a cigarette from the list the abstract concept, is useful way: there is a chance to get successful the latent emotional potentialities of a word or idea. Various variants are inexhaustible, that it is impossible to tell about a format of packing of cigarettes or colours. The reputation of brands does not suffer and on behalf of all family plays a role of the additional identifier of the company of the manufacturer.

Federal Court Bars reservation from the sale of cheap cigarettes

NEW YORK, NY September 28, 2009 in New York City smokers looking for cheap cigarettes may be looking a little harder this week. The Federal Court allowed at least five shops on the Poospatuck Reservation on Long Island, from the sale of duty-free cigarettes for those who are not a member of the tribe.

City Law Department said at least one smoke shop on the reservation closed because the ruling Friday's. But unconfirmed reports that several other stores are still in business.

New York City sued eight stores in the order last year. The Government maintains duty-free sales were to deceive the state and the city hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue a year.

Tribes can sell cigarettes tax-free to members of the tribe, but must collect taxes on all other sales.

New York has the nation's highest cigarette taxes. From the reservation, cigarettes are often priced at half of what they would go to the city.

Popular cigarette brands increase in prices in Russia

Some popular brands of cigarettes, including Kent, Lucky Strike, Parliament and Marlboro, may rise in the price of the Russian market because of the ban on the import of Indian tobacco in Russia. The restrictions do not apply to coffee and tea, packaged for retail sale. Nevertheless, tobacco shipments from India, no longer fulfilled. India is one of the major suppliers of tobacco to the Russian and world companies. At Russian Mission Philip Morris International have argued that the ban on the import of Indian tobacco will lead to the need to replace more expensive things tobacco. This would increase the prime cost of some brands of cigarettes.

British American Tobacco produces such cigarette brands as Kent, Lucky Strike and Vogue. Altria Group Inc, which is the parent company of Philip Morris International, manufactures Marlboro, Parliament, Virginia Slims, Chesterfield and LM.

India is one of the major suppliers of tobacco, which serve as important components for the mixing of different varieties of tobacco give a special piquancy to cigarettes.

Smoking in pregnancy increases the chances of a girl

Smoking may reduce the likelihood to give birth to a boy and prevent the development of male embryos.
Despite the fact that almost 52% of newborn boys in the West, the possibility of giving birth to a girl gets for smoking parents. In the study participated 9 000 pregnant women in Liverpool. The results are amazing. In fact girls were born more often than boys, for those parents who smoke. Mothers who smoked during pregnancy gave birth to a boy 3 times less than for non-smoking parents. If we take into account the rate of health and age of mothers, it's Lear, where the father smoked, the chance to give birth to a boy was reduced in 2 times.

A study conducted by Liverpool Medical Pediatric Institute invoke resonance in the international scientific community. After scientific words, he asks questions about smoking affects the balance of the population.

There are a lot of work on this topic affects pregnant women smoking at new birth weight, but today it became clear that smoking mothers gave birth to girls than boys, explains Alison Infantry Regiment, a senior professor of pediatrics at the University of Sydney, Australia.

The studies were examined 9 000 pregnant women who were in hospital in Liverpool for women in 1998-2003. The researchers found that smokers gave birth to girls, besides second hand smoking can affect the sex of the child. Non-smoking mothers, whose husbands smoked gave birth to a boy and less.

The study was conducted by a group of pediatricians, led by Professor Bernard Brabeen. The scientists found that substances contained in cigarettes, such as nicotine, prevents sperm from the male chromosomes, to get the egg.

Aim of the study was to determine the sex of a child depends on maternal smoking during pregnancy. When we corrected the results, it became clear that the chances of giving birth, when twin girls pregnant mother smokes. We do not know why. We assume that this is because the sperm with the Y chromosome, which is responsible for the boys. This spermatozoon is more sensitive to negative changes in the mother. By Brabeen. .

Smoking reduces estrogen levels and make changes in the cervix. The conclusion is clear: if you want to climb the changes to give birth to buy do not smoke during pregnancy.

Global Tobacco Conference

Philip Morris International Inc.’s (NYSE / Paris Euronext: PM) Chief Operating Officer André Calantzopoulos will address investors today at the JP Morgan Global Tobacco Conference at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in London.
The presentation and Q&A session are being webcast live, in a listen-only mode, beginning at approximately 9:25 a.m. London Time. An archived copy of the webcast, together with selected slides, will be available on the same site until 5:00 p.m. ET on Friday, July 18, 2008.
Highlights of the presentation include Philip Morris International’s (PMI) key brand strategies and an update on major market performances.
The presentation may contain projections of future results and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties and are made pursuant to the Safe Harbor Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
PMI is subject to other risks detailed from time to time in its publicly filed documents, including the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008. PMI cautions that the list of important factors is not complete and does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements that it may make.

L'Histoire en Ligne du Tabac

C’est en Amérique que le tabac puise ses origines il y a plus de 3000 ans, en témoignent d'anciennes pipes découvertes en Amérique du Sud. Alors très populaire chez les Incas et les Aztèques pour communiquer avec les esprits, atteindre une sorte d'ivresse, apaiser les douleurs et la fatigue, le petun (nom indigène désignant le tabac) était fumé notamment lors des fêtes et cérémonies religieuses. Christophe Colomb qui le découvrit dès son arrivée à Cuba, fumé sous forme de long tube appelé "tobago" ou encore chiqué, ramena en Europe des feuilles et des graines. Le succès fut immédiat.

Les Européens lui prêtèrent de nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques comme la guérison de l’asthme, de la toux... En 1556, le Père André Thévet, de retour d'une expédition au Brésil, acclimata les premiers plants dans son jardin en Angoulême. Mais c'est à Jean Nicot, ambasadeur de France à Lisbonne, que l'on doit d'avoir promu l'usage du petun aurès des élites. Alors vendu sous forme de poudre par les apothicaires, il en envoya à la reine Catherine de Médicis pour calmer les migraines de son fils. Très vite on ne parla plus que de l'herbe de l'abassadeur, lui donnant les noms de Nicotiana, d'herbe à Nicot, d'herbe à la Reyne,...

Longtemps utilisé à seules fins médicinales, le tabac fut au fil des siècles de plus en plus consommé par plaisir. La pipe, autrefois utilisée lors des rites chamaniques des anciennes peuplades ou à l'administration du tabac comme remède, devint la compagne des grandes discussions. On prisait également le tabac ou encore fumait le cigare. Profitant de ce commerce très lucratif, le Cardinal de Richelieu instaura le premier impôt sur le tabac et Colbert en fit un monopole d’État.

Peu à peu, ses vertus thérapeutiques furent mises en doute et de nombreuses personnes influentes comme le roi Jacques premier d’Angleterre s’opposèrent à son utilisation. Même le pape Urbain VIII en 1642 en interdit sa consommation sous peine d’excommunier ses utilisateurs. Cependant, malgré ses détracteurs, le tabac trouva avec l’industrialisation et la création de la cigarette en 1843, un nouveau souffle. Cette nouvelle forme de consommation marqua le début de l'expansion mondiale du tabac.

Finalement très récente, la cigarette ne fut pas la seule façon de savourer le tabac. Tout le monde ne le fume pas d’ailleurs comme le tabac à priser ou à chiquer. Dans le premier cas, le tabac est positionné entre la lèvre inférieure et la gencive, sans mastication, durant environ trente minutes. Quant au tabac à chiquer, il est placé entre la gencive et la joue et peut être mâché pendant des heures !

Autre plaisir, cette fois-ci avec fumée, la délectation d’un bon cigare. On les doit à Christophe Colomb qui ramena de Cuba en 1492 ces feuilles de tabac roulées appelées « Cohiba », les ancêtres de nos fameux cigares. Aujourd’hui, ils sont composés de trois parties, la tripe, la sous-cape et la cape qui est la peau du cigare. On note plus de 70 nuances de cigares et surtout, ne vous fiez pas à la couleur de la cape qui, même si elle est de couleur très claire peut être forte.

Comme autrefois, la pipe est aussi très populaire. Les indiens d'Amérique du Nord l’utilisaient comme calumet ; la fumée du tabac était sacrée emportant les prières au ciel. La pipe est composée de 2 parties, le fourneau qui contient le tabac et le tuyau. Le plaisir d’une bonne pipe dépendra de son remplissage qui doit être suffisamment tassé.

Au moyen Orient et en Asie, c’est la narguilé ou shisha qui est l’objet traditionnel le plus répandu pour fumer. Aujourd’hui, on en trouve un peu partout dans le monde, même comme objet de décoration. C’est une sorte de grande pipe avec un tuyau où l’on aspire le tabac. Le narguilé ne brûle pas directement la substance à fumer, le tabac est humidifié ou comporte des humectants pour être consumé lentement.

Un professeur de chimie de l'Ecole de Médecine de Paris du nom de Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, découvrit en 1909, un principe actif azoté dans les feuilles de tabac. Grâce à ses recherches, la nicotine fut décelée quelques années plus tard dans le tabac. On sait aujourd’hui qu’elle représente environ 5% du poids de la plante et que le tabac est la seule plante en contenant de la nicotine.

La nicotine agit directement sur le cerveau au niveau d’une région appelée noyau accumbens et liée au plaisir. À basse concentration, elle stimule notre système nerveux. À haute dose, elle provoque des nausées et des vomissements puis la mort par paralysie respiratoire.

L’effet est très rapide : 7 secondes pour aller des lèvres au cerveau. Celui-ci réagit en produisant des endorphines comme la dopamine qui vous mettent sur un petit nuage.

Contrairement aux autres drogues, la nicotine ne perturbe pas la vie sociale – elle fut même pendant un temps un élément socialisant. Elle ne provoque pas de comportements atypiques, touche toutes les couches sociales et professionnelles… Elle n’en est pourtant pas moins une drogue dure et son accoutumance est très rapide. La nicotine est d’ailleurs avec la cocaïne et l’héroïne une des trois drogues qui accrochent le plus. 4 à 5 cigarettes par jour suffisent pour créer une dépendance. Ceci à cause des nombreux adjuvants entrant dans la composition de la cigarette et notamment l’ammoniac, un additif permettant l’inhalation de fumée sans provoquer de toux et facilitant l’absorption de la nicotine.